Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Article Title: Metabolic effects of prazosin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in glucocorticoid-treated male rats

doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test and exogenous insulin treatment after 8 (A and A′), 12 (B, B′, C, and C′) and 14 days (D and D′) of corticosterone and prazosin treatment. An OGTT was administered after 8 and 12 days of Cort treatment. The Cort-treated animals given water were highly glucose intolerant by 8 days of treatment, (P < 0.05); n = 5. The impaired glucose tolerance observed following 12 days of Cort treatment was improved with concurrent prazosin consumption (P < 0.05); n = 11–14. Insulin levels throughout the OGTT were elevated following Cort treatment and were improved 30 min into OGTT, with prazosin consumption (P < 0.05); n = 11–14. An ITT was administered to a subgroup of animals following 14 days of cotreatment and was calculated as the percent change in blood glucose concentration over time (D and D′). Prazosin treatment significantly ameliorated the insulin insensitivity caused by Cort treatment (P < 0.05); n = 5 or 6. Bars that do not share similar letters denote statistical significance (P < 0.05), using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (A′, B′, C,′ and D′). #Significantly different from all other groups (P < 0.05). *Main effect of Cort-treatment (P < 0.05). **Significantly different from Control groups (P < 0.05) using a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test at each individual time point. All values are expressed as means ± SE.

Article Snippet: All significant differences for both one- and two-way ANOVA testing of parametric data were evaluated using a Bonferroni post hoc test (GraphPad Prism v. 6.03).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Article Title: Metabolic effects of prazosin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in glucocorticoid-treated male rats

doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cross-sectional area (CSA) in I, IIa, and IIb/x fiber types of the tibialis anterior (TA) after 7 (A and B) and 14 days (C and D) of concurrent prazosin and corticosterone treatment. Cort treatment, regardless of duration, resulted in significant atrophy of the IIb/x fibers (P < 0.01). The control-prazosin animals had the largest muscle fibers across all three fiber types after 9 days (P < 0.05), which was not sustained after 14 days of cotreatment; n = 5. #Significantly different from all other groups (P < 0.05). *Significantly different from control groups (P < 0.01). **Significantly different from control-prazosin (P < 0.05) using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis. All values are expressed as means ± SE.

Article Snippet: All significant differences for both one- and two-way ANOVA testing of parametric data were evaluated using a Bonferroni post hoc test (GraphPad Prism v. 6.03).

Techniques: Control

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Article Title: Metabolic effects of prazosin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in glucocorticoid-treated male rats

doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of prazosin and corticosterone on total FOXO1 (A and C) and IRS-1 (B and D) protein content TA after 7 (A and B) and 14 (C and D) days of cotreatment, and insulin-stimulated phosphorylated Akt at serine-473 (pSer473) (E) protein content in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) after 14 days of cotreatment. Regardless of protocol duration, Cort treatment caused increased FOXO1 content and decreased total IRS-1 content, impairments that were unaffected by prazosin administration; n = 5. Insulin stimulation increased pSer473 within both Control groups, which was blunted with Cort treatment, and tended to be improved with prazosin. Bars that do not share similar letters, denote statistical significance (P < 0.05). **Main effect of insulin (P < 0.05), using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis. All values are expressed as means ± SE.

Article Snippet: All significant differences for both one- and two-way ANOVA testing of parametric data were evaluated using a Bonferroni post hoc test (GraphPad Prism v. 6.03).

Techniques: Control

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Article Title: Metabolic effects of prazosin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in glucocorticoid-treated male rats

doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative cross sections of the TA depicting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) content after 7 (A and B) and 14 days (C and D) of concurrent prazosin and corticosterone (Cort) treatment. Muscle oxidative capacity was unaffected by either Cort or prazosin treatment at either time point; n = 5 or 6. A two-way ANOVA was used with Bonferroni post hoc analysis. All values are expressed as means ± SE.

Article Snippet: All significant differences for both one- and two-way ANOVA testing of parametric data were evaluated using a Bonferroni post hoc test (GraphPad Prism v. 6.03).

Techniques:

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Article Title: Metabolic effects of prazosin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in glucocorticoid-treated male rats

doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative images of the liver depicting hematoxylin and eosin staining after 7 (A) and 14 (B) days, Oil Red O staining of the liver (C), and protein content of the gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) (D) after 16 days of cotreatment. Cort treatment of both 7 and 14 days caused vacuole deposition in the liver, which appeared to be slightly improved with 2 weeks of prazosin consumption. There was no effect of prazosin to improve the fat accumulation in the liver after 16 days of Cort treatment. Two weeks of Cort treatment caused a significant elevation in liver G-6-Pase protein content, which was unaffected by prazosin consumption; n = 5–9. Bars that do not share similar letters, denote statistical significance (P < 0.05) using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis. All values are expressed as means ± SE.

Article Snippet: All significant differences for both one- and two-way ANOVA testing of parametric data were evaluated using a Bonferroni post hoc test (GraphPad Prism v. 6.03).

Techniques: Staining